As the entire South Caucasus has been immersed in ethnically-framed conflicts since the late 1980s, an ethos of conflict has been constructed in the region. The commonly held views of the Armenian-Azerbaijani, Georgian-South Ossetian, Georgian-Abkhaz, but also Armenian-Turkish and Georgian-Russian conflicts as ancient, natural, intractable, and all-encompassing have been largely shaped by professional historians. Considering that the dynamics that sustain these ongoing conflicts are a serious impediment to democratization and socio-economic progress, we can conclude that the current state of history education whose narratives service conflicts is one of these impediments. This article’s authors therefore argue that comprehensive reform of the structure and content of history education is a necessary condition for progress and development in the South Caucasus.